During the Heian period:

Either " Japan saw the rise or the samurai" or " Wealthy landowners hired military muscle."

Explanation:

Here is the passage.

The next era of Japanese history is the Heian period (794-1185). During this period, Lady Murasaki wrote the world's oldest surviving novel. The end of this period gave rise to the warrior clans, including the samurai.

As the emperor's leadership declined, local aristocrats began asserting more control over the region. In doing so, the aristocrats developed their own military. Over time, these wealthy landowners developed a form of military leadership based on the bushi (warrior) or samurai (one who serves).

The various clans fought one another for many years, as each attempted to become the most powerful group

answer: this is because archeologists keep finding artefacts and ancient ruins dated more than 10000 to 15000 years, date around scientists said humans discovered language; which is at least mysterious as scientists always have said that is necessary to have a language to have architecture and some basic maths.

explanation: brainlest