Why is Arabic the most common language in Northern Africa

Because South Africa was colonized mostly with people with that religion and language.

Explanation:

it further strained relations between the north and the south and convinced

the right answer is the third one: turnpikes went short distances to connect markets. turnpikes, also known as toll roads, were very important for trade and transportation (of people, goods and products) in the 19th century, coinciding with the expansion towards the west. they contributed significantly to the economic development of the united states.