The events described in the text were the consequences of the "The Treaty of Nanjing (Nanking), signed Aug. 29, 1842, and the British Supplementary Treaty of the Bogue (Humen), signed Oct. 8, 1843,
provided for the payment of a large indemnity by China, cession of five ports for British trade and residence, and the right of British citizens to be
tried by British courts."