How were the challenges of maintaining land-based empires, such as the Russian and Qing states, different from the challenges of maintaining maritime empires? What strategies did states adopt to meet these challenges?

Were mostly similar, but they had different strategies to maintain them

Explanation:

The land-based empires as the Russian and Qing states were large and had wealth, the problem with the maritime European empires was that they began to grow exponentially, soon their armies were modernized and created conflicts with said empires, the Russian empire modernized on time, seeing its European neighbors growing and gaining power, but the Qing empire failed to see what was coming, and tried to act when it was too late.