Name greatest scientific technological contributions of the colonizers brought in the country that promotes nation-building.

Steam Engine

Explanation:

Colonizers from Western Europe introduced the use of Steam Engine to various nations that were a part of their colonies  in late 1700s. This steam was used to generate power for machines that allow mass production.

Because of the invention of this machine, many of those nations able to generate vast amount of wealth. This lead to the creation of more public infrastructure, development of local and national businesses, efficient utilization of resources, etc.

the hereditary right of a monarch to rule from the mandate of heaven

the right answer is the third one: turnpikes went short distances to connect markets. turnpikes, also known as toll roads, were very important for trade and transportation (of people, goods and products) in the 19th century, coinciding with the expansion towards the west. they contributed significantly to the economic development of the united states.