The doctrine of , in which a state declared that a federal law was not in effect within the state's border, was a long- established theme of protest against percevied excesses by the federal government

nullification

Explanation:

The Doctrine of Nullification which was believed to have been favored by the likes of Thomas Jefferson is a legal theory that implied that any state that is part of the Union possesses the unilateral and natural liberty to invalidate or repeal any law established by the federal government that could be considered unconstitutional.

The doctrine of nullification was exercised during the period known as the nullification crisis by the South Carolina legislature. Where it voided the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832

the california missions began in the late 18th century as an effort to convert native americans to catholicism and expand european territory. there were 21 missions in all, lasting from 1769 until about 1833.   the missions were built by the spanish starting in 1769 in order to “colonize” the territory of alta california. so the missions were important because they were the means of settling california. it also wanted to keep other european countries out of alta california. building settlements along the coast would them meet these goals. missionaries wanted to convert the indians to the roman catholic faith. california indians did much of the work to build missions.

explanation:

japan participated in world war i from 1914 to 1918 in an alliance with entente powers and played an important role in securing the sea lanes in the west pacific and indian oceans against the imperial german navy as the member of the allies.