How did world war 1 affect soldiers, civilians, and leaders

WW1 affected soldiers by introducing them into modern combat such as trench warfare, new weapons, vehicles, and the first time gas as been used. It affected civilians by putting them in danger,forcing them in combat, and even innocent civilians dying. It affected leaders by forcing new ideas and strategies, and most leaders weren't expecting a 4 year war.

Explanation:

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".

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