What conditions in Cordova did this author cite as evidence of the high level of Islamic civilization and scholarship?

cherokee and arikara

the right answer is the third one: turnpikes went short distances to connect markets. turnpikes, also known as toll roads, were very important for trade and transportation (of people, goods and products) in the 19th century, coinciding with the expansion towards the west. they contributed significantly to the economic development of the united states.

while it was true that the cotton gin reduced the labor of removing seeds, it did not reduce the need for slaves to grow and pick the cotton.

explanation:

before eli whitney's invention of the cotton gin, picking and cleaning cotton was a slow, labor-intensive job. workers, usually slaves, had to pick the seeds from the cotton fibers by hand. this invention made it possible to grow large amounts of cotton on big farms and make money.

answer:

won re-nomination with no opposition he also had the support of his party

explanation:

it saw incumbent president andrew jackson, candidate of the democratic party, defeat henry clay, candidate of the national republican party. jackson won re-nomination with no opposition, and the 1832 democratic national convention replaced vice president john c. calhoun with martin van buren.