Why did plantation owners of Saint Domingue use cruel and ruthless methods of treatment toward enslaved persons? to push the enslaved to produce more crops
to render the enslaved powerless as to not revolt
to provoke fear in the enslaved to repay their cost
to harden the enslaved and ready them for auction

to render the enslaved powerless as to not revolt

Explanation:

im not 100% positive but im pretty sure

the alfred thayer mahan award for literary achievement is awarded each year by the navy league of the united states. the award is named for an american naval historian and theorist, rear admiral alfred thayer mahan, united states navy who, through his writing, provided stimulus and guidance to those who share in the defense of the nation. presented since 1957, "this award for literary achievement is awarded to a u.s. navy officer, u.s. marine corps officer, enlisted service member, or civilian who has made a notable literary contribution that has advanced the knowledge of the importance of sea power in the united states."[1]