In the 1700s and 1800s, nationalism in the Ottoman empire: created a strong sense of unity.

encouraged the empire to seek overseas colonies.

resulted in Ottoman expansion further into Europe.

led various ethnic groups to attempt to break away and form independent nations.

It is the last one

Explanation:

There was a lot of tensions between ottoman overlords and the peoples (other than Turks) that lived in the Empire. This was especially true at the Balkans in Europe. South slavic peoples (Serbs, Bulgarians, Macedonians), Greeks and Romanians mostly hated Ottomans, because they were foreign and of Muslim faith.

frederick william of brandenburg-prussia trained his son, frederick, to be a hardy soldier. but frederick disliked rifle shooting and horseback riding. unlike his father, he was interested in french literature. he enjoyed poetry and music and, like some others of the enlightenment, he scoffed at religion. his father thought him soft, frivolous and unmindful of his duties. and when frederick refused to put his signature on a right to succession, for a few moments his father strangled him.

wheres the studying charts

explanation: