Explain Free and Open Party System

it increase by 12% a year from 1812-1820

i believe it's that they cared for people. hope this ! : )

urban people were mostly involved in jobs that required phyisical labor they are paid daily wages (minimum wages) from which they evoke their living. daily wages also mean that the day they don't turn up for work ,even due to sickness, they aren't paid anything.

the abbasid caliphate was not affected by conflicts within the muslim community".