During the revolution in italy, pope pius ix was forced to flee the vatican. why?

a. the revolution instituted a short-lived roman republic.
b. the revolutionaries declared a united kingdom.
c. the monarchy fled as the pope fled in disguise.
d. french troops allowed his exit while aiding the revolutionaries.

A. The Revolution instituted a short-lived Roman Republic.

Explanation:

A few times amid his pontificate, Pius IX thought about leaving Rome. One event was in 1862, when Giuseppe Garibaldi was in Sicily assembling volunteers for a crusade to take Rome under the motto Roma o Morte (Rome or Death). On 26 July 1862, preceding Garibaldi and his volunteers were ceased at Aspromont.  

Two different instances happened after the Capture of Rome and the suspension of the First Vatican Council. These were trusted by Otto von Bismarck to Moritz Busc.

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