In the first place, I deny everything but what I have all along admitted—the design on my part to free the slaves... Now if it deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life . . . and mingle my blood further with the blood . . . of millions in this slave country whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel and unjust enactments, I submit; so let it be done. —John Brown, 1859 To which event is John Brown referring?

Who ever answers first gets ! trade in the vedic age led to a.the rise of kingdoms because of the importance of controlling land and long-distance travel routes b.the building of an extensive system of roads because of the difficult terrain c.the creation of a large banking class because of the need to exchange different currencies d.the development of a centralized government that controlled the economic decisions of its people