As trade from Muslim kingdoms expanded to western Africa, how did the political framework of the region change? * A. Trading towns in the region grew to form self-governing city-states.
B. Coastal kingdoms formed to ensure access to the Atlantic Ocean.
C. Ancient kingdoms such as Ghana and Mali rose to power.
D. Ethiopia emerged as the most powerful empire in Afr

pan-africanism or pan-africanism is a political, philosophical, cultural and social movement that promotes african twinning, the defense of the rights of african people and the unity of africa under a single sovereign state, for all africans, both africa as of the african diasporas.

the second significant cause of the great migration was the desire of black southerners to escape segregation, known euphemistically as jim crow. rural african american southerners believed that segregation - and racism and prejudice against blacks - was significantly less intense in the north.

answer; a farmer who refuses to fight in his country's army;