After the Civil War, some southern states established the Black Codes, which included regulations such as black people needing to sign yearly employment contracts. Which passage of the 14th amendment did this violate?

All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and A) subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of B) the State wherein they reside… nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, C) without due process of law, D) nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

when we think of a­ncient paga­n kings, the ideas of justice and fairness probably aren't the first things to come to mind. we moderns may be more likely to imagine fickle, power-hungry despots who were ready to put someone to death on a whim. but king hammurabi, who ruled a prosperous and thriving babyloniaalmost four millennia ago, doesn't quite fit that mold. he claimed to have protect the weak from oppression, and scholars believe he fostered an atmosphere of justice and righteousness for his people.

this belief is based on an object that was discovered only a century ago. it has already earned a place alongside the rosetta stone as one of the most important artifacts of the ancient world. this stela (stone pillar) bears the inscription of the code of hammurabi, and it has shed light on the laws, culture and life in babylonia.

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