Can someone please help me with this ASAP? I really don't understand I will give brainiest

What triumphs did the late 19th century witness in the realms of industrial growth, urbanization, and technological innovation? what challenges did these developments pose for urban dwellers, workers, and recent immigrants? how did city officials and everyday citizens respond to these challenges?

Which term do historians use to describe the personal preferences that people have that affect their interpretation of events

This is the belief that a nation must develop and maintain a strong military force in order to pursue and defend its national interests.