What was the incentive to create
gerrymandering ?

gerrymandering is a practice intended to establish an unfair political advantage for a particular ... The word was created in reaction to a redrawing of Massachusetts state senate election districts under ... incumbent politicians may lose office, they have less incentive to represent the interests of their constituents,

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the answer is

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts