10. Which development encouraged Arab traders to exchange goods for slaves in sub-Saharan Africa in the 11th and 12th centuries?

North korea has been ruled by dictator since 1948

The  pharaoh  was at the top of that pyramid. in the level below were nobles, priests, and officials. they the  pharaoh  govern egypt. so did soldiers, who fought battles for their ruler, and scribes,  who kept records  for the government and the temples. i know this

the imf provides economic advice and loans to developing countries.

economic advice:

policy advice to governments and central banks based on analysis of economic trends and cross-country experiences; research, statistics, forecasts, and analysis based on tracking of global, regional, and individual economies and markets; technical assistance and training to countries improve the management of their economies.

loans:

loans to countries overcome economic difficulties; concessional loans to fight poverty.

these are the goals the fund wants to achive.