What nomadic people converted to islam and caused europeans to begin the crusades

This emblem shows a jewish star inside a shape that combines a fortress and a shield.

According to douglass, what does the singing of a slave communicate? how does douglass feel about slave songs? in what way is slaves singing misinterpreted by some people? .

Did the spanish settlers and missions have a positive effect on world history? why, what did they do that was positive? why was the treaty of paris (1763) good for the world/world history? did the plymouth colony have a positive effect on world history? why, what did they do that was positive?