12. what was the political opinion of China's KMT party? a. supportive of a republic and critical of Emperor/Empress
b. supportive of the Emperor/Empress and critical of a republic
c. supportive of communism and critical of a republic
d. supportive of socialism and critical of the Emperor/Empress

D. Supportive of a republic and critical of the Emperor/Empress

Explanation:

For 2,000 years, China was ruled by an emperor or empress who held absolute power. However, as the twentieth century approached, the people of China grew increasingly frustrated with the empress. She had been unable to rid China of Western influence, and in 1911, the situation reached a breaking point. Under the leadership of a young man named Sun Yat-sen, the Chinese started a revolution. Sun Yat-sen had traveled and studied in the West, and he argued that China should develop into a more democratic republic. He created a political party called the Kuomintang (KMT), also known as the Nationalist Party.

Sun and the KMT overthrew the Chinese empress and ended the dynastic rule in China. Establishing a republic in China, however, proved to be more difficult. After Sun became president, he handed over power to a general. The general, Yuan Shikai, did not share Sun's vision for democracy. When the general died in 1916, civil war broke out in China. Ultimately, warlords and military leaders gained power and territory.

"i care deeply about campaign finance reforms: - apex

from thales, who is often considered the first western philosopher, to the stoics and skeptics, ancient greek philosophy opened the doors to a particular way of thinking that provided the roots for the western intellectual tradition. here, there is often an explicit preference for the life of reason and rational thought. we find proto-scientific explanations of the natural world in the milesian thinkers, and we hear democritus posit atoms—indivisible and invisible units—as the basic stuff of all matter. with socrates comes a sustained inquiry into ethical matters—an orientation towards human living and the best life for human beings. with plato comes one of the most creative and flexible ways of doing philosophy, which some have since attempted to imitate by writing philosophical dialogues covering topics still of interest today in ethics, political thought, metaphysics, and epistemology. plato’s student, aristotle, was one of the most prolific of ancient authors. he wrote treatises on each of these topics, as well as on the investigation of the natural world, including the composition of animals. the hellenists—epicurus, the cynics, the stoics, and the skeptics—developed schools or movements devoted to distinct philosophical lifestyles, each with reason at its foundation.

with this preference for reason came a critique of traditional ways of living, believing, and thinking, which sometimes caused political trouble for the philosophers themselves. xenophanes directly challenged the traditional anthropomorphic depiction of the gods, and socrates was put to death for allegedly inventing new gods and not believing in the gods mandated by the city of athens. after the fall of alexander the great, and because of aristotle’s ties with alexander and his court, aristotle escaped the same fate as socrates by fleeing athens. epicurus, like xenophanes, claimed that the mass of people is impious, since the people conceive of the gods as little more than superhumans, even though human characteristics cannot appropriately be ascribed to the gods. in short, not only did ancient greek philosophy pave the way for the western intellectual tradition, including modern science, but it also shook cultural foundations in its own time.