How does hoose show us that jim crows lawcreated segregations

Jim Crow laws were laws enacted by Democratic-governed states in the southern United States between 1876 and 1965, the purpose of which was to maintain segregation between the various ethnic groups in America. The principle was "equal, but separate", which made it possible to create laws and rules that discriminated against blacks even though on paper they had the same rights as whites. Such laws could be of an orderly nature, such as a ban on blacks using the same drinking water fountains and buses as whites, but also of a political nature, such as requiring those who wanted to vote for a special election tax, or also a suffrage test. The effect of the Jim Crow laws is estimated to have led, among other things, to the fact that out of 181,471 black adult men in Alabama in 1900, only 3,000 were included in the voting list.

the answer would be:

b. race