Modern State:
The modern state is a sovereign political unit that's defined by definite geographic boundaries and populated with people who share a common culture.
Foreign Sovereignty:
In international law, sovereignty means that a government possesses full control over affairs within a territorial or geographical area or limit. ... Sovereignty may be recognized even when the sovereign body possesses no territory or its territory is under partial or total occupation by another power.
Internal Sovereignty:
Internal sovereignty means supreme authority within one's territory, while external sovereignty relates to the recognition on the part of all states that each possesses this power in equal measure.
Bourgeoisie:
the middle class, typically with reference to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes.
Inquisition:
a period of prolonged and intensive questioning.
Caravel:
a small, fast Spanish or Portuguese sailing ship of the 15th–17th centuries.
Hernan Cortes:
Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano, 1st Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca was a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of what is now mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century.
Francisco Pizarro:
Francisco Pizarro was an explorer, soldier and conquistador best known for conquering the Incas and executing their leader, Atahuapla. He was born around 1474 in Trujillo, Spain. As a soldier, he served on the 1513 expedition of Vasco Núñez de Balboa, during which he discovered the Pacific Ocean.
The Council of the Indies:
Council of the Indies; officially, the Royal and Supreme Council of the Indies, was the most important administrative organ of the Spanish Empire for the Americas and the Philippines.
Viceroyalty:
the office, position, or authority of a viceroy.
Hiring House:
If you wanted a house that you were not going to live in.
Commend:
praise formally or officially.
Miscegenation:
the interbreeding of people considered to be of different racial types.
Price revolution:
The Price Revolution, sometimes known as the Spanish Price Revolution, was a series of economic events that occurred between the second half of the 15th century and the first half of the 17th century, and most specifically linked to the high rate of inflation that occurred during this period across Western Europe.
Treaty of Tordesillas:
The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed at Tordesillas in Spain on June 7, 1494, and authenticated at Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly-discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire, along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa.
Black legend:
Black Legend, Spanish Leyenda Negra, term indicating an unfavourable image of Spain and Spaniards, accusing them of cruelty and intolerance, formerly prevalent in the works of many non-Spanish, and especially Protestant, historians.
