1. Which of the following best describes an effect of the activities described in the passage? a. The abandonment of most French colonies in the Caribbean
b. The rapid emigration of large numbers of French citizens to Canada
c. The elimination of European rivals from France's colonial sphere of interest
d. The establishment of a French-speaking colonial trade empire in North America

2. Which of the following contributed to the development of the trans-Saharan routes shown in the map?

a. The rise of accessible river cities such as Timbuktu
b. The arrival of desirable trade goods from the Red Sea
c. Climate shifts that reduced desert vegetation coverage
d. The spread of camels that could travel farther without water

answer: representation of human experiences

explanation:

c. more people could read and interpret the bible for themselves

"this speech"? what speech are you talking about?

the columbian exchange, also known as the columbian interchange, named for christopher columbus, was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the americas, west africa, and the old world in the 15th and 16th centuries, related to european colonization and trade following christopher columbus's 1492 voyage. invasive species, including communicable diseases, were a byproduct of the exchange. the changes in agriculture significantly altered and changed global populations. the most significant immediate impact of the columbian exchange was the cultural exchanges and the transfer of people between continents.

the new contact between the global population circulated a wide variety of crops and livestock, which supported increases in population in both hemispheres, although diseases initially caused precipitous declines in the numbers of indigenous peoples of the americas. traders returned to europe with maize, potatoes, and tomatoes, which became very important crops in europe by the 18th century.

the term was first used in 1972 by american historian alfred w. crosby in his environmental history book the columbian exchange. it was rapidly adopted by other historians and journalists and has become widely known.