The plan of government proposed during the Constitutional Convention which called for a two-house Congress based on the Population was the

Virginia Plan.

Explanation:

A bicameral legislature can be defined as a legislative body that comprises of two chambers or houses; upper house and lower house. The upper chamber or house consists of senators while the lower chamber consists of house of representatives.

A bicameral legislative branch in which each state would be represented in proportion to their contribution or the number of people living in the state was proposed by The Virginia Plan and it was drafted by James Madison in 1787.

The Virginia plan called for a legislature divided into two bodies (the Senate and the House of Representatives) with proportional representation in each state.

Thus, States with large population would have more representatives in chambers than smaller states.

Hence, the plan of government proposed during the Constitutional Convention which called for a two-house Congress based on the Population was the Virginia Plan.

The authors of the Constitution of the United States of America established a bicameral legislature mainly because they reached a compromise between the small states and the large states over representation.

detente translated to english means politics