Land-based empires like the Russian, Ming, Ottoman, and Mughal Empires relied heavily on which of the following technologies to maintain control: A. ships and navigation
B. gunpowder and cannons
C. religion
D. peasant labor

B. gunpowder and cannons.

Explanation:

Technological advances throughout history have intensively changed the course of warfare and thus military strategies. All of these empires used gunpowder and cannons during their long history of warfare and conquest. There are many examples and battles in which these empires used gunpowder and cannons. We will give an example of the conquest of Constantinople by Mehemed II. He made a special cannon to order, which he used during the siege, and that cannon greatly demoralized the defenders of Constantinople.

a

explanation:

the underground railroad (apocope of the metropolitan railroad) is a system of urban trains located within a city and its metropolitan area. it is characterized for being a massive transport of passengers in the big cities, uniting diverse zones and their environs, with high capacity and frequency and in segregated form to other systems of transport. metropolitan railroads are built underground or on the surface, although most systems use mixed models where sections are combined in both modalities.

1 - as a result, the metro tends to reduce car travel for two reasons: first, due to the greater transfer of users from the car and, second, due to the reduction in the acquisition of cars in homes located in sectors near the stations of the metro.

2 -the metro allows to contribute effectively to the achievement of all the objectives of an urban development policy: it improves the efficiency of the city's economy by reducing travel costs and also generates a higher level of activities in the city center, taking advantage of of the agglomeration economies.

3 -it is a clean means of transport, since it uses renewable energy (usually electricity), taking care of the environment and avoiding excessive pollution.