What was the philosophical idea that humans have knowledge that goes beyond what they can hear, see, touch or taste? Predeterminism
Existentialism
Transcendentalism
Congregationalism

The Epistemology of Perception. Perception is a central issue in epistemology, the theory of knowledge. At root, all our empirical knowledge is grounded in how we see, hear, touch, smell and taste the world around us.

Explanation:

a   church leadership can be defined as a process of influencing other people to work together to accomplish a desired purpose.

in this case one person acting as a role model and influencing other to work as one person to accomplish a certain misson or purpose.

this can be either leading people to do the work of god

b) a state law could be declared illegal if it contradicted the constitution.

explanation:

the conflict of this case originated when james w. mcculloch, a cashier of the baltimore branch of the second bank of the united states that the congress had chartered in 1816, refused to pay a tax imposed by the maryland state.

in the case, the state of maryland appealed that the establishment of a second bank was unconstitutional since the constitution didn't say anything about granting that power to congress. however, the case determined that even if such right wasn't specifically stated in the constitution, it was part of the "implied powers" of the government enunciated in article i, section 8.

the case also eliminated maryland's legislation to impose taxes to a national bank, asserting that even though the states retained the power of taxation, the constitution's laws are supreme and can not be controlled by the states, therefore, if a state law contradicts the constitution, it should be declared illegal.

explanation: