What is the enduring issue of the image?

Social hierarchy based on race.

Explanation:

The issue with this pyramid is that it gives importance or status to different people based on their race. It is deeply rooted in racism and colorism. Preferring lighter skinned people (who were mostly peninsulares and creoles) to tan or darker skinned people ( who were mostly mestizos , mullatoes and African and Native Americans)

the first forms of writing came from them in the form of pictographs around 3100 bc.