What factors helped nationalism take hold in Germany and Italy? (

A lot of  factors can aid nationalism. The rush or the push of German nationalism, was influenced by;

All the above factors did move Germany toward unification in the 19th century.

The beginning of German nationalism started with the birth of romantic nationalism in the Napoleonic Wars. This was where Pan-Germanism started to rise. People began to stand or agitate for German nation-state due  to the invasion of German territories by France under Napoleon.

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The way the Treaty of Versailles represented Italy and Germany was one of the biggest factors that stimulated nationalism in these countries.

Explanation:

Both Germany and Italy were badly damaged by the Versailles treaty made at the end of the first world war. This caused the two countries to show a strong resentment towards the other European countries, which stimulated the feeling of extreme nationalism in both countries.

Germany was completely held responsible for the first world war, as well as suffering very violent sanctions that destabilized it economically, militarily and politically.

Italy, on the other hand, despite being among the winning countries of the war, received the gains fairly.

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explanation: