Which of the following developments in the period 1450–1750 would a historian most likely cite to support Barkey’s claim regarding the Ottoman Empire and its predecessors and contemporaries in the first sentence of the second paragraph?

The establishment of a system of racial and social hierarchy in Spanish colonies in the Americas.

Explanation:

The establishment of a system of racial and social hierarchy in Spanish colonies in the Americas would support Barkey’s claim that previous and contemporary states were less tolerant, because the casta system imposed a rigid social hierarchy that included legal discrimination against groups that were further down the social ladder.

must repent and believe in god.

or the book

journey across time - chapter 10 "the rise of christianity"