Why did Kirkman emphasize the importance of harmony between labor and capital employed by railroads? How did he believe such harmony could be achieved?

federal appellate courts are called courts of appeals. cases can be further appealed to the u.s. supreme court. cases are heard for the first time in a trial court. if either party disagrees with the decision in the trial court, they can appeal, asking a higher court to review the decision.

the completion of the erie canal spurred the first great westward movement of american settlers, gave access to the rich land and resources west of the appalachians and made new york the preeminent commercial city in the united states.