1) How did Charlemagne shape and define Europe by introducing a new system of government?
2) what effect of Europe did Charlemagne make?

Bishops also continued to play an important role in local government. Charlemagne expanded clerical involvement in government by increasing the use of royal grants of immunity to bishops and abbots, which freed their properties from intervention by public authorities.In this role, he encouraged the Carolingian Renaissance, a cultural and intellectual revival in Europe.

Explanation:

the birthmark on georgiana's face alludes to the doctrine of "original sin," being tainted with evil from birth

during the ming dynasty