Companies can make strategic planning more effective by: a. ensuring that decision making is centralized. b. making strategic planning an annual exercise. c. ensuring the participation of top management. d. focusing on short-run profitability and growth.

c. ensuring the participation of top management.

Explanation:

Business strategy sets the overall direction for the business as it focuses on defining how a business would achieve its goals, objectives, and mission; as well as the funds and material resources required to implement or execute the business plan.

Basically, companies can make strategic planning more effective by ensuring the participation of top management.

This ultimately implies that, the top or executive management of a business firm or organization which typically comprises of various board of directors are to indulge in strategic planning and dissemination of essential information from top to bottom.

a)scientists

explanation:

the national defense education act had two main goals. the first one was to provide personal that was oriented to defense, including scholars, engineering students and so on. the other goal was to provide financial assistance for the students who would be enrolling at colleges and universities in the 1960s.

stone age, iron age, olden days, prehistory

explanation:

subscribe to my yt channel yoongi jmz

follow my insta yoongi_jams

stan bts