How did these amendments change American democracy?

The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1868, granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States—including former enslaved people—and guaranteed all citizens “equal protection of the laws.” One of three amendments passed during the Reconstruction era to abolish slavery

b) race riots in several cities

1.) irish.

2.) settlers could obtain cheap land nearby

3.) steam engine

explanation: