1) How did popular sovereignty affect the monarchies in Europe?

Explanation:

The Rise of Monarchies. During the High Middle Ages, Europe witnessed the development of strong nation-states with powerful, ruling, secular (non-religious) kings. Many circumstances allowed for this to happen. The prosperity and peace brought by the time period encouraged the rise of such rulers.

Since the end of World War I, however, most European monarchies have been abolished. There remain, as of 2020, twelve sovereign monarchies in Europe. ... Liechtenstein, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg were established or gained independence through various methods during the Napoleonic Wars

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