Describe ONE way in which Sultan Mahmud led reforms in the Ottoman Empire as evidenced in the painting. Explain ONE reaction to the reforms in the Ottoman Empire implemented by Sultan Mahmud II.

Explain ONE historical situation in the period 1750-1900 in a different nation or region that experienced social, political, or economic reform.

necessary and proper clause. the congress shall have power to all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states, or in any department or officer thereof.

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the safahids used force when persuasion to convert from being a sunni muslim to embrace shi'ism was not effective. they also persecute shi'ites who have different views from their imposed teachings.