Which action would be protected by the first amendment:
a. a reporter publishes an article critical of city officials
b. a man on trial refuses to testify against himself
c. a women asks to see a lawyer before answering questions from the police
d. a family refuses to permit soldiers to be housed in their home

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

hi the answer to your question is

to control offices

this sparked alotof controversy more over ending the articles of federation