1) which of the following statements best describes the spread of islam under the first four caliphs?
a. arabs conquered the peoples east of persia and converted them to islam.
b. arabs united under islam and defeated nearby empires.
c. byzantine emperors embraced islam in the region.
d. persians were united and spread islam as they conquered.
2) which factors the umayyad empire grow? (has two correct answers)
a. forced conversion of all non-muslims
b. weakened persian and byzantine rule
c. daring, effective fighting methods
d. look taken from conquered regions
3) which of the following is true of the umayyads?
a. the umayyad caliphate declined when it was invaded by the mongols.
b. the umayyads did not tax non-muslims.
c. the umayyad capital of baghdad was a center of art and learning.
d. the umayyads expanded into spain.

The correct answer for 1 is
b. Arabs united under Islam and defeated nearby empires.
Arabs lived in numerous tribes and these tribes were often at war with surrounding people due to various reasons. They decided to united under the banner of Islam to fight and spread their kingdom and religion and this proved to be highly successful.

The correct answer for 2 is
b. weakened Persian and Byzantine rule and
c. daring, effective fighting methods
Their armies used technology and strategy that was not common at the time which made them superior to their opponents. The Persian and Byzantine empires were weakened because they were constantly at wars with others and with themselves and this made it easy for Umayyads to rise.

The correct answer for 3 is
d. The Umayyads expanded into Spain
When they conquered the entire Northern Africa region they crossed the Gibraltar and entered the Iberian peninsula. This was a crucial thing for the area because Islam became a big thing and Hebrews, Muslims, and Christians lived in the area until the Spanish inquisition decided to end that.