The first book to describe various types of government and citizenship

The politics.

Explanation:

Aristotle´s The Politics is the first and most important systematic treaty on the various forms of government —an analysis of each kind of government known at the time, their virtues and vices and the desirability of each— and on what constitutes a citizen and what rights should be given to a citizen.

mustafa ataturk thought nationalism in turkey would best be achieved by modernizing the country.

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