Why was the heliocentric theory a controversial point between the church and scientists during the Enlightenment? Why was the church protective of the geocentric model of the universe? Use details to support your answer.

it foreshadows the theme of the paragraph and hints the topic that will be discussed in the paragraph!

islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. however, in the modern contexts of muslims minorities in non-muslim countries as well as secularised muslim states like turkey, indonesia and bangladesh, religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal shapes.

compared to religious leaders/clerics of the other abrahamic faiths, islamic clergy are said to resemble rabbis and not priests. unlike catholic priests they do not "serve as intermediaries between mankind and god",[1] have "process of ordination",[2] or "sacramental functions",[1] but instead serve as "exemplars, teachers, judges, and community leaders," providing religious rules to the pious on "even the most minor and private" matters.[1]

it broke up the ottoman empire (just a small fact) and the turkish leaders lost many soldiers.

the answer is b. i did this test and got it right.