Was Galileo placed on trial before or after the Catholic Counter Reformation began?

yes

Explanation:

Galileo was ordered to turn himself in to the Holy Office to begin trial for holding the belief that the Earth revolves around the sun, which was deemed heretical by the Catholic Church. Standard practice demanded that the accused be imprisoned and secluded during the trial.

d) the constitution rights of native americans and their right to self-government on reservations

i would go with the last one