1. how did justinian's code have an impact beyond the byzantine empire? (1 point)
• it promoted trade among europe, the middle east, and asia.
• it later guided the development of present-day international law.

2. how did germanic tribes carve europe into small kingdoms? (1 point)
• germanic traders set up free-trade zones.
• germanic priests unified religious groups.
• germanic kings waged wars of conquest.

3. how did charlemagne most effectively convert many pagans to christianity? (1 point)
• by requiring church attendance
• by reviving latin learning
• through missionarie