Japan’s efforts to modernize and industrialize began in a.
1868 during the Meiji Restoration.
b.
1778 with the arrival of Captain James Cook.
c.
1895 after Japan invaded and defeated China.
d.
1904 after Japan defeated Russia in the Russo-Japanese War.

A

Explanation:

In a wider context, however, the Meiji Restoration of 1868 came to be identified with the subsequent era of major political, economic, and social change—the Meiji period (1868–1912)—that brought about the modernization and Westernization of the country.

my cultural heritage consists of irish, german, native american, and others.

the monroe doctrine is the best known u.s. policy toward the western hemisphere. buried in a routine annual message delivered to congress by president james monroe in december 1823, the doctrine warns european nations that the united states would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs.