1. Give at least two examples of Ovid’s impotence (physical and/or metaphorical) and describe what that means for the work and for his character. 2. Give at least three examples of references to warfare and describe what that means for the work and his character.

3. Describe some of the various inversions (where things begin one way and ‘flip’ to be different) in the poem and how they might point out cultural contradictions regarding masculinity in the Roman world.

4. Give some examples of Roman concepts of masculinity and femininity in the poem. What importance do they have for Ovid’s character?

5. What does the warrior (soldier who takes his place in Corinna’s bed) mean for Ovid’s character? How does it express concerns about class?

30 and 44 are b

explanation:

the indians crossed artificial boundaries, setting the stage for conflict

the founder of the byzantine empire and its first emperor, constantine the great, moved the capital of the roman empire to the city of byzantium in 330 ce, and renamed it constantinople.

the byzantine empire (the eastern roman empire) was distinct from the western roman empire in several ways; most importantly, the byzantines were christians and spoke greek instead of latin.

constantine the great also legalized christianity, which had previously been persecuted in the roman empire. christianity would become a major element of byzantine culture.

constantinople became the largest city in the empire and a major commercial center, while the western roman empire fell in 476 ce.

as emperor, constantine enacted many administrative, financial, social, and military reforms to strengthen the empire. the government was restructured and civil and military authority separated. a new gold coin, the solidus, was introduced to combat inflation. it would become the standard for byzantine and european currencies for more than a thousand years. as the first roman emperor to claim conversion to christianity, constantine played an influential role in the development of christianity as the religion of the empire. in military matters, the roman army was reorganized to consist of mobile field units and garrison soldiers capable of countering internal threats and barbarian invasions. constantine pursued successful campaigns against the tribes on the roman frontiers—the franks, the alamanni, the goths, and the sarmatians, and even resettled territories abandoned by his predecessors during the turmoil of the previous century.