Identify a historical event that lead to an amendment and explain the need for that amendment?

This is quite easy actually but it depends on what you're looking for. The second amendment be explained not only by the seizure of firearms by the British but also the words of John Locke and the belief in Liberty and its insurance as well as Rosseau in that of a contract between the people and government. That by having arms it would insure liberty by governments fearing their populace(thereby having them be herd) and in cases of revolution when the government would restrict one's liberties could as a result occur. You don't even have to look very far Jefferson one of the creators of the constitution and founding fathers stated, "whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness".  A much easier one however is the 13th-14-and 15th amendment all having been attriubted to the emanicaption of slavery in the United States. After 4 long years of bloody war and Lincolns declaration for emancipation, the congress as a result made sure to insure such loss would be met with free men. the 13th outlawing slavery. the 14th insuring all those born in the united states are citizens this country. Including those whom were former slaves. Of course, the 15th was created to insure voting rights of all citizens on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

according to this text from the preamble to the declaration, who gives men their unalienable rights?