4. What happened during the High Middle Ages that affected the Renaissance period? (5 points)
a. Italy was in a recovery period from the Bubonic Plague.
b. Italy was experiencing political instability after the fighting among aristocratic families
and states over control of city-states.
c. The political power of the Roman Catholic Church was declining.
d. All of the above

I would say C

Explanation:

The catholic church had power over medicine and the way that it was taught to students. You were only allowed one dissection a year, and it had to be done by a professor. Drawings of the human anatomy were inaccurate and vague, as it was considered a sin to cut open a body yourself. The church only allowed certain theories of the anatomy to be taught, for example Galen. Galen once said that the human body is so complex that only God could have created it. This fit in with the catholic church, who believed this hence the work of Galen was spread throughout Europe. Galen's work was incorrect as he had to make dissections of a pig and then apply it to humans, so people were taught the wrong ideas of the human body. Even though doctors were taught everything about Galen, people still died due to incorrect treatment they were given.

By the beginning of the renaissance, the power of the catholic church was declining. Scientists started to pay grave diggers to dig up the graves of people who had dies, so they can dissect them. Realistic paintings were drawn so accurate information could be spread. The invention of the printing press meant that new information would be easy to spread to everyone. People now started to challenge Galen, which was forbidden during the middle ages, as you could be put into prison. Scientists took advantage of the freedom they have now got, they did experiments and things that were not allowed in the middle ages.

Hope this helps!

photos creat an ovveral image of the civil war

the conditions that made the byzantine empire vulnerable to attacks by the muslin turks were the sack of constantinople by western crusaders, the conquests of the sultanate of rum, presence of rival kingdoms and finally the set up of fiefdoms at the empire which were owned by the ghazis (turkish warriors).