Which of the following belongs only in the byzantine section of the chart?

democratically elected ruler

powerful military leaders

great appreciation for the arts

centered in constantinople

Byzantine empire didn't choose its ruler democratically - I believe the throne was inherited. Powerful military leaders refer to many countries, not only Byzantium. This also refers to great appreciation for the arts.
I would say that the answer which belongs only in the Byzantine section of the chart is that it was centered in Constantinople.

The case was a u.s. supreme court decision that defined the scope of the u.s. congress's legislative power and how it relates to the powers of american state legislatures. the dispute in mcculloch involved the legality of the national bank and a tax that the state of maryland imposed on it.