In December 1863, during the Civil War, Lincoln announced the (1) Ten percent plan , which offered Southern States a way back into the
Union. The President offered (2)___ to all white Southerners, except (3)___, who were willing to swear loyalty to the
Union. Lincoln also supported granting African Americans
the right to (4)___. Some Republicans favored a more (5) ___
approach. In July 1864, Congress passed the (6)___, which
said that (7)___ of a state’s white males had to swear loyalty to
the Union. Only white males who swore that they had never
taken up arms against the Union could vote for state constitutional convention delegates, and the new constitution had
to (8)___. The Freedman’s Bureau reached its greatest success
in the area of (9)___. The bureau helped freed people acquire
land and free transportation to work sites, and it
helped them obtain (10)___.

1) the degree of the function is odd, so the ends of the graph continue in opposite directions. because the leading coefficient is positive, the left side of the graph continues down the coordinate plane and the right side continues upward.

board of education v. earls, 536 u.s. 822 (2002), was a united states supreme court case in which the court upheld the constitutionality of mandatory drug testing by public schools of students participating in extracurricular activities. the legal challenge to the practice was brought by two students, lindsay earls and daniel james, and their families against the school board of tecumseh, oklahoma, alleging that their policy requiring students to consent to random urinalysis testing for drug use violated the fourth amendment to the united states constitution.

the student activities drug testing policy adopted by the tecumseh, oklahoma school district requires all middle and high school students to consent to urinalysis testing for drugs in order to participate in any extracurricular activity. two tecumseh high school students and their parents brought suit, alleging that the policy violates the fourth amendment. the district court granted the school district summary judgment. in reversing, the court of appeals held that the policy violated the fourth amendment. the appellate court concluded that before imposing a suspicionless drug-testing program a school should demonstrate some identifiable drug abuse problem among a sufficient number of those tested, such that testing that group will actually redress its drug problem, which the school district failed to demonstrate.

in a majority opinion delivered by justice clarence thomas, the court held that students in extracurricular activities had a diminished expectation of privacy, and that the policy furthered an important interest of the school in preventing drug use among students. this rationale was based on the precedent vernonia school district 47j v. acton (1995), which allowed drug testing for athletes. justice stephen breyer filed an opinion concurring in the court's judgment.