4.What was a major difference between western and eastern civilizations of this region?

"The Western civilization swept the whole world as the lonely flower blossoming in the garden on the strength of science and technology, politics and economics while the Eastern civilization, suffering from the enormous pressures brought by the complicated social environment, was forced to make a profound adjustment and adaptation."

Explanation:

it provided for selection of government employees through competitive examinations. it also made it unlawful to fire or demote covered employees for political reasons or to require them to give political service or payment, and it set up a civil service commission to enforce the law.

explanation:

an expansion is one of two basic business cycle phases; the other is contraction. the transition from expansion to contraction is a peak, and the changeover from contraction to expansion is a trough.