Explanation:
The revolutionary movement in India for the freedom struggle
The First Case: Chapekar Brothers (1897)
The first political assassination of a British officer in India post-1857 Revolt.
Brothers Damodar, Balkrishna and Vasudeo Chapekar shot at WC Rand, ICS, Chairman of the Special Plague Committee in 1897.
Rand’s military escort Lieutenant Ayerst died on the spot whereas Rand died a few days later due to wounds.
The brothers were against the atrocities committed by the British authorities under Rand during the plague epidemic in Pune.
The government in order to curb the spread of the epidemic ended up harassing Indians and employing extreme measures.
All the three brothers were hanged for the assassination.
Alipore Bomb Conspiracy Case (1908)
Also called Muraripukur conspiracy or Manicktolla bomb conspiracy.
Douglas Kingsford was an unpopular British Chief Magistrate who was the target of the bomb thrown at Muzaffarpur (Northern Bihar).
Unfortunately, the carriage at which the bomb was targeted contained two English ladies and not Kingsford. The two women died in the attack.
Revolutionaries who threw the bomb were Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose.
Chaki committed while Bose, then only 18 years of age, was caught and sentenced to death by hanging.
The other people who were tried in the case were Aurobindo Ghosh and his brother Barin Ghosh, Kanailal Dutt, Satyendranath Bose and more than 30 others.
They were all members of the Anushilan Samiti in Calcutta.
Aurobindo Ghosh was acquitted due to lack of evidence and others served varying life-terms in prison.
Curzon Wyllie's Assassination (1909)
The India House was an organisation in London involved in the freedom struggle of India mainly engaging Indian students in the UK as its participants.
Patrons of this organisation included Shyamji Krishna Varma and Bhikaiji Cama.
India House became the centre of revolutionary activities for Indian independence outside India.
The organisation was liquidated after the assassination of an army officer Curzon Wyllie by its member Madan Lal Dhingra in 1909.
Howrah Gang Case (1910)
Also known as Howrah-Sibpur Conspiracy case.
In this case, 47 revolutionaries associated with the Anushilan Samiti were arrested and tried for the murder of Inspector Shamsul Alam.
Alam was investigating the revolutionary activities of the Samiti and was trying to link and consolidate the murders and robberies into a single case.
The case brought to light the work of revolutionary Jatindranath Mukherjee.
Despite attempts, the case could not establish the links, mainly due to the decentralised nature of the Samiti.
Of all the accused, only Jatindranath Mukherjee and Narendranath Bhattacharjee were sentenced to one-year imprisonment.
