History ?
lot of questions
will upvote all answers

at the time of the great east-west schism, rome and constantinople were the last of the five great patriarchates of christendom. the others- alexandria, antioch, and jerusalem- had

a)
been conquered by islam.

b)
been defeated in the crusades.

c)
withdrawn their claims to supremacy.

d)
formed a separate asian/african church.